Light rays are only a model presentation
The experimental arrangement in Fig.1 shows schematically the side view of a prism and a white screen, which can be positioned at A, B and C. A rectangular piece of black foil was glued to the left side of the prism in such a way that half of the surface of the prism was covered in this area. If direct sunlight shone on the prism in a darkened room, images with colored border spectra appear on the screen: Fig. 2 at position C, Fig. 3 at position B and Fig. 4 at position A.
In Fig. 5 the prism was removed and was replaced by a piece of cardboard with a cut-out of the same dimensions as the prism with the foil. This is how Fig. 5 appeared as a silhouette formed by the solar radiation and the shape of the cardboard. This shadow image appears on the screen in position A.
The other three images appeared when the prism was used. They appear upwards from the shadow image, each at the height of the intersection of the dot-dash line with the screen in its respective position.
The steepness of the dash-dotted line resulted from the well-known laws of refraction in optics. With these laws, the displacement of the images can be calculated for a given geometric arrangement. The dash-dotted line is only a geometric auxiliary line and not a representation of a so-called light-ray. The term light ray is used in optics published by Newton in the early 18th century. Newton assumed that light rays really exist and that they are preserved when passing through a prism. However, this idea of light rays, which were refracted through a prism is only a model, only an assumption, and not a proven fact. Therefore, the term light ray* is not used in this presentation to describe optical phenomena.
In Fig. 2 the lower and the upper border spectrum have moved close to each other so that a common spectrum with rainbow colors is created: blue, turquoise, green, yellow and red. However, this spectrum only appears at a certain distance from the screen. This shows that the rainbow-spectrum is just a special case of border spectra.
Fig. 6 shows another arrangement in which the prism was rotated.
Here the image with the colored border spectra (Fig. 8) appeared offset down from the shadow image (Fig. 7) on the screen.
At the same time, the colored border spectra were swapped compare to Fig. 4:
Fig.8 shows blue/turquoise below and red/yellow above,
Fig.4 shows blue/turquoise above and red/yellow below.
This swapping of the border spectra has also been observed in experiments, which are described on this website under border spectra.
All shapes and colors on screens A, B and C appear to be there objectively. But to confirm that, you need an observer with the capycity to see. Without perceiving and being aware there is no evidence, no experience of colours and shapes. Light, colours and shapes only appear, when the material world of sun, prism and screen and the living processes of perceiving and being aware interact (see my video: Light, Quantum Physics and Buddhism).
* Goethe calls Newton´s optic in his wellknow treatease "Zur Farbenlehre" a disgusting theorie.
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